Dressing wheel for earthy material



Dec. 8 1925. 1,564,194

w. G. BERGMAN DRESSING WHEEL FOR EARTH! MATERIAL Filed May 26. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 8, 925.

' W. G. BERGMAN DRESSING WHEEL FOR EARTHY MATERIAL 4 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed May 26. 1924 z/l'a'w/f a lll da m/ A W. G. BERGMAN DRESSING WHEEL FOR EARTHY MATERIAL Dec. 8, 1925.

Filed May 26. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 lllll ll-I'll lllll'lllll 'la Dec. 8 1925. 1.564194 IV. G. BERGMAN DRESSING WHEEL FOR EARTHY MATERIAL Filed May 26. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented llec. 8, 1925.

witmin e. BERGMAN, or some FLACE, OHIO.

DRESSING \VHEEL FOR EARTHY MATERIAL.

Applicetisn filed may is, 1924:. serial no. 715x277.

To 07! via mm may concern:

lie it known that l. lViLhi-Aii BERGMAPT, it citizen of the United Sides, and a. resident of idoint Piece, in the county of Lucas and State of @hio have invented it new and useful ll rcssing ll heel for Earth Materiel. which invention is fully setforth in the following specification.

My invention has for its object to provide it dressing Wheel for planing thesurleces of blocks formed ofeerthy material such as raw or burnt clay bl'ocls. in the ine-iiuteoture of furnaces, such as glass fmmces, large tired clay blocks are used in constructing the w ll's thereof. As well known, clay blocks tend to Warp in the drying thereof be use of the irregulzir distrihi'ition of the in 'e within the clay during the pr 'ssi'\'est..ges of the drying, and also bees. W of 1101i-U1'llfOli'llity of the clay characteristics that may be found in difiiere i'rt parts of the bloc-la. lVhen the dried blocks areiired, their irregularities are frequently increased in degree. It is therefore necessary to produce plane surfaces on the blocks and square the faces in order that the Walls may be properl y constructed. By my invention 1 have provided rotatable dressing Wheel that will plane the sin-feces of blocks formed of earthy materiel progressively as the blocks are conveyed across the face of the Wheel.

The invention may he Contained in dressing Wheels that Very in details of their strui re, and moreover the dressing Wheels may be used in connection with it variety oi n'mchinei i'o'r moving the blocks of earthy nistc iil and the dressing Wheel, one relaiive to the other. in order to illustrate ,1 practical application of the invention I here selected dressing wheels that" diner slightly in their construction and. a. machine for operating the dressing wheel and Illitllipul-et' the blocks to be dressed thereby, as

iinpies oft constrrctions containing my in= .i'on and shell de .ribe thorn here5.1m;ier. The structures sole ed. are shown in the e. oouipunying drawings.

l igure 1 oi? the drawings is a top VlGv of the inzichine use for dressing clay blocks. Figure 2 is it side View of the machine shown in lBi 1. Figure 3 is it face View of the pre ferred form of a segment of the dressing Wheel or disc. Figure 4: is it sectional View of one of the tools that is mounted in the dressingwheel taken on the line 4+4. indi ceted in Fig. Figure is a sectional View ot the tool shown in Fig. taken on the line 5-5 indicated in Fig. l. Figure 6 is a sectionul View of the dressing Wheel taken on the line 66 indicated in Fig. 3. Figure 7 a. sectional View of a. part of a dressing wheel having the tools mounted in stepped relation, each to the other. Figure 8 is a v one]. view taken onthe line 88 indiceted in Fig. (5. Figure 9 is e sectional View taken on the line 9'-9 indicated in 8. Figure 10 is a. sectional iew taken on the lil1GlO-l0 indicated in Fig. 9; Figures 11 and 12 illustrate cutting wheels that are arranged in pairs and are located side hy'side throughout the peripheral portion of the dressing wheel. Figure 13* is View of :1 s host of a modified form of dressing wheel. Figure 11- is section of a fourth i'nodificetion of it dressing Wheel. Figure is a. top View oi a. tool holder used in connection with the dressing Wheel shown in Fig. it. Figure 16 is a sectional View of a. further modification of the dressing wheel. Figure 17 is a sectional View of a dressing wheel wherein a finishing grinding Wheel is provided. Figure 18 isa. top View of the pert shown in Fig. 17. Figure 19 is a sec tional view of a dust collecting shell that may be used in connection With any oi the dressing wheels shovn in the drawings.

In the operation of the dressing Wheel, I finds it preferable to move the blocks. of earthy material such as clay blocks, either raw or burnt, across the face of the rotating Wheel, which progressively planes the surfacethat is presented to the Wheel. Any one of e variety of forms of machines may he used for causing rotation of the Wheel and for moving the clay blocks. In Figs. 1 and 2 is shown it machine for planing clay blocks. It is provided With a bed i of suitable form on which is mounted a pair of rails 2 along which is moved the table 3 that is supported by ineans'oit' the Wheels 1. The rails 2 are preferably J 'sha ved in order to discharge the dust that may lodge on their surfaces, and the Wheels d are made to 0011- form to the V-sheped rails as shown in the drawings. The blocks 5 are placed upon the table 8. The blocks are clamped in position by any suitable means such as by the screws 6 and 7 that are mounted on the tahle 3. The screw 6 is supported in a pedestel 8 and is located so as to press against a slidehle bracket 9 having pins 10 that protrude into suitable guiding channels 11.

The screw 7 is secured in a slidable bracket 12 that may be locked in position by means of suitable bolts 13 which have heads 14 located in channels 15 formed in the table. The bracket 1.2 may be provided with a hinged plate 16 against which the screw 7 may be pressed by rotation of the screw. The plate 16 presses against the block 5 and holds the block 5 rigidly in position relative to the face of the dressing wheel. The table 3 is also provided with a plate 17 that may be bolted to the table and constitutes a stop for the block. Thus, blocks of different sizes may be securely held in position on the table.

The table 3 is shifted along the tracks 2 by means of the rack 18 and the gear wheel 19 that meshes with the rack. In the operations, the table is shifted from the left to the right, while the block is being planed. The gear wheel 19 is driven by means of a shaft 20 that is driven by a motor 21 which is geared down by means of the worm gear 22 and the friction drive mechanism 23. lVhen the table 3 is moved to the left as shown in Fig. 1, so as to clear the gear wheel 19, the rack 18- will mesh with the gear wheel 24:. The gear wheel 24. is connected to the shaft 20 by means of a chain belt 25 that connects sprocket wheels that are connected to the gear wheels 19 and 24. Thus the rack 18 may pass from one gear wheel to the other, which. moves the block across the face of the dressing wheel.

The dressing wheel is preferably of a relatively large diameter and so located that its axis of rotation will pass through substantially the center of the block or near the center of the block, when the block is moved transverse the face of the wheel. The dressing wheel 26 is supported on a shaft 27 that is located in suitable bearings 28 for sustaining the wheel as against the end thrust to which it may be subjected, well as permitting rotative movements of the shaft and the wheel. The wheel is rotated by means of a suitable motor such as the electric motor 29, to which it is connected by the belt 30. In order to gather the dust that nay be produced in the operation of the machine, a shell 31 may be located around the dressing wheel 26, leaving a suitable opening 32 in the shell through which a side portion of the block may pass in order that the block may be operated upon by the wheel. Thus air may be drawn through the opening and through the shell to draw the dust inward into the shell and to collect it by suitable baffles or otherwise well known in the art. A suitable suction apparatus may be connectedto the shell by means of the pipe 83. In order to collect the heavier particles, and to produce a greater suction where required, a separate chamber may be formed in the shell 31, In the construction shown, a separate shell an is located in the larger shell 81. The shell 3% is located in close contact with the rear surface of the dressing wheel 26 and at the point where the greater portion of the material is removed, so as to draw from the wheel the heavier particles immediately. The shell 34: may be connected by means of a suitable pipe 35 with a suitable air suction device, The wheel 26 is preferably provided with openings extending through the wheel for permitting the immediate discharge of the dust from the tools as it is produced, as hereinafter described, and to maintain the block at atmospheric temperatures notwithstanding the speed of operation of the wheel.

The dressing wheel is provided with a plurality of cutting wheels 36 and 37. The cutting wheels are preferably arranged in pairs and so as to alternate in their relative positions. The cutting wheels 36 and 37 are provided with a different number of spalling prongs 38. The ratio of the number of spalling prongs may vary. In the wheel shown, the ratio is as l is to 5. That is, there are 16 prongs on the wheels 38 and 20 prongs on the wheels This prevents the prongs of adjoining wheels from lining with each other in a direction parallel to the axis of the wheels, that is, if the wheels are provided with the same number of prongs, there is a tendency for the wheels to become so located that their prongs will be in line with each other and form a substantially corrugated surface. By providing different numbers of prongs on the wheels located side by side the efficiency of the wheels is greatly increased, and also the wheels are cause-d to rotate relative to each other to produce a constantly changing relation of the spalling prongs of one, to the spalling prongs of the other. This will magnify the changing relation that should be produced by the variation of the periphernl speed, due to the fact that they are so located that their axes extend radially with reference to the supporting dressing wheel.

The wheels 36 and 817 are supported in tool holders 39 that are located on the face of the dressing wheel 26. The tool holders 39 are formed of blocks of metal that are bolted to the dressing wheel 26. The tool holders are provided with hearing lugs l0 and 41. A common bore 42 extends through the bearing lugs and 41. A bearing pin 43 is located .in the bore a2 and in bushings 44 that are located in the bearing lugs and in bushings 45 that form bearings for the cutting wheels 36 and 37. The. pin 43 is adjustably located within the bearing block 42 and secured by means of cotter pins 46. The bushings are secured in position by means of the locking pin 48 that is located in an opening formed in the tool holders no in position to engage the end edge ot' the end bushings. The cutting wheels 36 and 37 are supported on the hardened bushings d5 so as to reduce the wear which is present in an unusual extent because of the earthy material that is removed by the dressing wheel from the blocks. Usually tour oi the cutting wheels are located on each bushing 45, the bearing lugs being spaced sulticient to permit the support of four of the Wheels between them. The wheels and 37 preferably alternate from one end of the pin to the other. If the pin 43 wears at one point more than at another, one of the cotter pins 4.6, such as, the outermost cotter pin l6, may be withdrawn from the tool holder and turned end for end so as to place the worn part in another position. Also, the position of the bearing pin il-3 may be altered with reiteronce to the cutting wheels by reason of the adjustments that are provided by reason of the different openings 4:? through any pair or" which the cotter pins 46 may be inserted. Thus the bearing pin 43 may be altered in its position to maintain its lite for an OK- ceedingly long and indefinite period of time.

The tool holders are preferably so located that the wheels of the adjoining tool holders will not tract one with respect to the other, that is, the blocks, particularly adjoining blocks, may be located at different distances from the center of the axis of rotation of the dressing wheel. This may be accomplished however by locating the sets of cutting wheels in relatively different positions in the adjoining blocks. In the form of construction shown in Fig. 3. the bearing lugs 40 differ in width and they are so located that the outer ends of the tool holders having shorter bearing lugs, alternate with those having longer bearing. lugs at their outer ends. hen, therefore, the dressing wheel rotates, the cutting wheels ot one tool holder will not tract with the dressing wheels of the preceding toolholder. The st gored relation however, between the cutting tools of adjoining blocks and the movement of the blocks across the face of the dressing wheel, enables uniform cutting to the desired plane surface.

The tool holders 39 are located on an annulus 49 that is bolted to the hub of the dressing wheel 26 by means of the bolts 50. Thus annuli oat difierent sizes may be bolted to the hub of the dressing wheel. Thisprovides for tool holders of different lengths and consequently havinga varying number of sets of cutting Wheels. In the form of the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 6, the outer peripheral portion of the annulus 49 is bent at a slight angle to the plane of the face of the dressing wheel, that is, to the plane located at right angles to the axis of the wheel. Thus, the outer pcriphera-l portion of the annulus is conical in form, itssurface having an inclination such as to cause the cutting wheels of the tool holders to cut to the desired depth as the block is being moved towards the right. It desired, the entire face of the annulus 49 may be located in a plane at right angles to the axis of the dressing wheel provided the circular rows of the sets of cutting wheels are located in stepped relation relative to each other. This is shown in Fig. 7 wherein the sets of cutting wheels are mounted in the tool holders 51 which. are bolted to the annulus 52.

The tool holders 51 are provided with the stud bolts 53 that may be formed integral with the holders. The holders are secured in sockets 54; formed in the face of the annulus by means of the nuts 55. The sockets may be of increasing depth from the inner socket to the outer socket, as measured radially trom the center of the annulus, which positions the sets of the wheels located in the tool holders at a graduated depth and consequently at graduated distances from the face of the annulus. Thus when the block is passed across the face of the dress ing wheel, the sets of cutting tools of each succeeding concentric row will engage consecutively to cut the desired amount from the face of the block. Thus the block will be dressed progressively as it passes across the face of the wheel.

The tool holders 51 are provided with hearing pins 56 that are located in bores 57 that extend through the tool holders 51. The bearing pins are located in bearing bushings 58 and 59. The cutting wheels 38 and 37' are located in a slot 60 that is cut in the tool holder 51 and are rotatably supported on the bushing 59 and the bearing pin 56. The pin 56 is held in position by means of an elastic ring 61 that may be located in a groove 62 that crosses the ends of the bore 57 Additional sets of tool holders 51 having cutting wheels 35' and 37 may be located within the circle of the tool, holders 39 and the tool holders that are located in stepped relation with respect to each other. These additional cutting wheels, located in the inner tool holders 51, will produce a finish on the block and will insure the product-ion of a smooth surface. The finishingwheels may be located in staggered relation as shown in Fig. 3, to avoid tracting of adjoining ets of wheels.

inasmuch as the block moves face of the dressing wheel vhlie ing wheel is rot ing, T find it desirable to locate the tool ho lers .9 at a slight angle to the radii ext-en ing through the ends of the bearing pii The speed of rotation of the periphery of the dressing wheel is about 5000 "feet per minute, while the surface in order that the transverse motion of the block is about 3 feet per minute, and in order toavoid the transverse drag on the wheels that is, to allow for the longitudinal movement of the block while the cutting wheels are being carried in a transverse direction with respect to the movement of the block, the tool holders are located in such a position that the cutting wheels will move with respect to the block in the direction of the diameters of the cutting wheels that are located in planes parallel to the plane that is being dressed by the wheel. This prevents any transverse movement of the block across the ends of the spalling prongs. Thus in Fig. 1?; is shown the tool holders 39 so located that their hearing pins d3 are positioned at an angle oil? about 5 degrees to the radii of the dressing wheel that pass through the ends of the bearing pins.

If desired, adjustable slabs of emery or carborundum may be supported in tool holders the ends of the slabs bein located. in a plane that is inclined to a ralial line or inclined to a plane located at right angles to the axis of the dressing wheel. H de sired the tool holder may be located on an annulus which has a conical peripheral portion of the "form shown in Fig. 6. This will dispose the ends of the slab, it they are located at the same distance from the face of the annulus, such that they will be located in a conical surface having its ape); in the axis of rotation of the dressing wheel. As shown in Figs. 14- 'and 15, the tool holder may be secured by bolts to the dressing wheel and slabs 65 formed of emery or carborundum or other abrasive material may be located in the tool holder 64 by means of the screws 67. The can borundum slabs may be separated by cash ioning separators 68. The separators 68 may be formed of felt or lead or other suit able cushioning material. ll desired, a plate of hard metal 69 may be located. be tween the outer cushioning plate (38 and the screw 67. The slabs 66 may thus be ad justed in any position so that their ends will be located substantially in a conical articles may be progressively cut and dressed the articles are moved across the face of the wheel The abrasive slabs may be used with the finishing spelling wheels 36 and 37 in the tool holders 51.

l have found th the carborundum slabs make an exceedingly ellicient finishing means for producing a smooth finished surface. As shown in Fig. 16, I have provided a tool holder 70 for supporting the grinding slabs (56 in position such that the ends of the slabs 66 are located substantially in the plane of the innermost circle of sets of cutting wheels. Thus when the block or other article passes the last of the cutting .4: 1. Y 1 r. or. L16 grinning uheei (1.

oil the block being at an angle to the direo' wheels in thetool holders 39, it will be finished by the slabs 66 located in the tool holders 70. The tool holders 70 are constructed substantially the same as the tool holders 6% except that they provide for the support of a fewer number of slabs such as two or three. The finisliing slabs 66 may be also used with the abrasive slabs 66 in the tool holders 6%.

In place of the finishin slabs 66 of the tool holder 70 shown in 16,1 may use ling wheel 71 which is located at e to its rcction of its traction across ace of the block, such that the movem nt oi the block will cause the rotation The movement tion of rotation, it will. cause rotation of the wheel 71 and. thus cause a constantly changing grinding uriace that is being presented to the block, and also produce a constant abrasion on the surface of the block.

In order to produce the required elliciency and indeed in order that the dressing wheels may progressively cut the material must be removed as fast as it is cut from the block, otl'ierwise it will clog the adjoining or succeeding cutting wheels and pre ent their functioning in the dressing operation. I have thus provided a means for drawing the dressed-oil" material as fast as it is removed frointhc body of the block. The tool holders are located over openings 72 that are formed through the dressing'wheel. The openings 72 e5; tend preferably at an angle to the plane o1 the surface of the wheel and so as to form surfaces 73 that will cause inward movement of the air. Thus the surfaces 723 are fanshaped to cause suction of the air from the dressing side of the wheel to the back of the wheel. This accelerates or coal-ts with the artificial suction that is created by means of the shells and ill which are connecteiil to a suction tan. or pin-up. Also this movement of the air across and from the face of the block prevents locall1e; ing which otherwise causes breaking, that is cracking, of the block. The dressing wheels move at such a high rate that if the heat is not dissipated, it will break the block.

1. In a dressing machine, rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member, the peripheral portion of the rotatable member being circular in form, a plurality of cutting wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting wheels supported'by each of the holders,the holders being closely positioned relative to each other and the said cutting wheels covering and plane the block,

the is eeama .ciding and located in a plane parallel to l oi the rotatable member.

in a dressing machine, a rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable ineinbe-r,-the peripheral portion of the ro- "testable me nber being circular in form, a

plurality of cutting wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of-cutting Wheels supported by each of the holders, the axes of the cuttingwhee'ls of each holder coincid- 111g and located in a plane parallel to the axis of the rotatable member and at an iangle'to the p l-ane'ot'the radius and axis or the rotatable member.

a. In a dressing 'n'rachine, a rotatable member, means tor rotating the rotatable member, the peripheral portion of the rotatable member being circular in term, a plurality of cutting wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting Wheels supported by each holder coinciding and located in a plane parallel to the axis oi the rotatable member and at an angle to the plane of the radius and axis of the rotatable member, the holders being closely positioned relative to each other and the cutting Wheels covering a major part of the said peripheral portion.

In a dressing machine a rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member in one direction, the peripheral portion of the rotatable member being circular in form, a plurality of cutting Wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable memher than the other end, a plurality oil" cutting Wheels supported by each holder coinciding and located in a plane parallel to the axis oi: the rotatable member and at an angle to the plane of the radius and axis of the rotatable member, the rotatable mem. bers having surfaces located in proximity to the holders, each of said surfaces ex? tending at angle to the plane of the radius of the movement of the holder and the axis oi" the rotatable member and sloping from the edge of the or r ace that leads a. .h ne-erence to the direction of rotation ot the 1' table member, wvh edge is i-iearer to uhe holder than the other edge tor arcing be material removed by the cutting wheels and directing it through the wheels the rob, n of the wheel.

6. in a dressing machine, a rotatable member, neans for rotating the rotatable i-nei-nber in one direction, the peripheral portion-ct the rotatable member being circular in form, a plurality of: cutti g wheel. holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable memedges "of the surfaces with reference tothe direction of rotation of the rotatable'menr her being located nearer the holder than the other edge.

7. In a dressing machine, a rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member, the peripheral portion of the rotatable member having a suibstantially conical surface, a plurality of cutting Wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting Wheels supported by each of the holders, the holders being closely positioned relative to each other and the said cutting Wheel covering the major part of the said peripheral portion.

8. In a dressing machine, a rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member, the peripheral portion of the rotatable member having a substantially conical surface, a plurality of cutting Wheel holders extending across the said peripheral portion, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting Wheels supported by each of the holders, the axes of the cuttin g Wheels of each holder being located substantially parallel to a plane that is tangential to the conical surface substantially at the point of the intersection of the radial line of the central point of the hold or to the axis of the rotatable member and which is located in a second plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotatable memher, and at an angle to a third plane of the said radial line and of the axis of rotation of the rotatable member.

9. In a surfacing machine, a rotatable member, an annular member rcmovablysecured to the said rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member and the annular member, a plurality of cutting Wheel holders extending across the annular member, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting Wheels supported by each of the holders.

10. In a surfacing machine, a rotatable member, an annular member removably secured to the said rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member in one direction, a plurality of cutting wheel holders extending across the annular member,

each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting wheels sup ported by each of the holders, the annular member having openings located in proximity to the cutting wheels and Whose surfaces extend diagonally with reference to outer surfaces of the annular member, the leading edge of the surfaces with reference to the direction of rotation being on that side of the annular member on which the cuttingwheels are located.

11. In a surfacing machine, a rotatable member, an annular member removably secured to the said rotatable member, means for rotating the rotatable member and the annular member, a plurality of cutting wheel holders extending across the annular member, each holder having one end located nearer the center of the rotatable member than the other end, a plurality of cutting wheels supported by each of the holders, a plurality of cutting wheels located within the radius of rotation of the holders, the cutting parts of the last named cutting wheels being located substantially in the plane of the cutting parts of the inner cutting wheels of the first named cutting wheels.

12. In a dressing machine, a dressing wheel, a plurality of sets of cutting wheels, a tool holder for supporting each set, each tool holder comprising a cylindrical channeled block, a pin extending through the said block for pivotally supporting the cutting Wheels.

18. In a dressing machine, a dressing wheel, a plurality of sets of cutting wheels, tool holders for supporting each set, each tool holder comprising a cylindrical channeled block, a pin extending through the said block for pivotally supporting the cutting wheels, a removable split ring for locking the pin in the tool holder.

14'. In a dressing machine, a dressing wheel, a plurality of spalling wheels, the adjoining spalling wheels having different numbers of spalling prongs.

15. In a dressing machine, a dressing wheel, a plurality of pairs of spalling Wheels secured to the face of the dressing wheel, the spalling wheels of each pair having different numbers of spalling prongs.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name to this specification.

WILLIAM G. BERGMAN. 

